Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Geomorphology Manuscript Draft Title: Geomorphological Consequences of Glacier Advance across a Paraglacial Rock Avalanche Deposit Highlights (for Review) Geomorphological Consequences of Glacier Advance across a Paraglacial Rock Avalanche Deposit
نویسندگان
چکیده
Glacial reworking of paraglacial rock slope material has been inferred from long-deglaciated terrains to be an important component of glacial sediment transfer. We provide the first description from a contemporary glacial environment of the geomorphological consequences of glacier advance (of the Feegletscher Nord, Switzerland) across a paraglacial rock avalanche deposit. The landform-sediment assemblage at Feegletscher includes a rock avalanche scar, pulverised bedrock on the opposite valley wall, a down-valley tongue of unaltered rock avalanche debris, and a small arcuate end moraine that encloses a zone of hummocky debris. The sedimentology of the end moraine and hummocky material is conditioned by rock avalanche debris and can be differentiated from glacial materials that have no component of rock avalanche debris, indicating that the contribution of glacially reworked rock avalanche debris may be recognisable in deglaciated terrain. Remarkably, much of the overridden rock avalanche debris that underlies the surface hummocky sediments has maintained its angularity and delicate brecciation features, despite glacial action of up to 40 years duration. Previous studies assumed that debris transport would be enhanced significantly during the initial stages of glacier advance across rock avalanche debris, but we suggest that the large openwork blocks that characterise the surface of such deposits limits the potential for glacial reworking because of its high shear strength and ability to transmit subglacial meltwater efficiently. Suggested Reviewers: Sven Lukas Senior Lecturer in Physical Geography, School of Geography, Queen Mary, University of London [email protected] Dr Sven Lukas is a world expert in paraglacial and glacial systems. He has significant experience in glacial sedimentology and geomorphology. Stefan Winkler Senior Lecturer in Quaternaru Geology and Palaeoclimatology, Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury [email protected] Dr Stefan Winkler is a world expert in moraine formation, geomorphology and sedimentology. Daniel Shugar Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Geography, University of Victoria [email protected] Dr Daniel Shugar is an expert in rock avalanche sedimentology. David Jarman Independent Researcher, 16 Albert Place, Stirling, UK, Mountain Landform Research [email protected] David Jarman is a world expert in rock slope failures and their identification in the landscape. Nicholas Midgley Principal Lecturer in Physical Geography, School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University [email protected] Dr Nicholas Midgley is an expert in glacial sedimentology and geomorphology. David Graham Senior Lecturer in Physical Geography, Department of Geography, Loughborough University [email protected] Dr David Graham is an expert in glacial sedimentology and geomorphology. Peter Wilson Reader in Quaternary Environmental Change, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Ulster [email protected] Dr Peter Wilson is an expert in rock slope failures in the Quaternary and their identification and differentiation from glacial moraines. Stuart Dunning Senior Lecturer in Physical Geography, Geography and Environment, Northumbria University [email protected] Dr Stuart Dunning is a world expert in the sedimentology of rock avalanche deposits. We describe geomorphology produced by glacier advance across rock avalanche debris. Glacially reworked rock avalanche material is distinct from other glacial deposits. Glacially overridden rock avalanche debris experienced very little reworking. Openwork blocky rock avalanche sedimentology reduces its erodibility by glaciers. Enhanced glacial sediment transfer involving paraglacial material is not certain. Highlights (for review)
منابع مشابه
A Large Rock Avalanche onto Morsárjökull Glacier, South-east Iceland. Its Implications for Ice-surface Evolution and Glacier Dynamics
In spring 2007, a large rock avalanche descended onto the Morsárjökull valley glacier in southeast Iceland, leaving one fifth of the glacier buried. The insulating effect of the deposit on the ice was quickly observed as a difference in the ablation between the exposed ice and that under the deposit. After three melt seasons, the ice surface under the deposit was 29 m above the surrounding glac...
متن کاملRecent extreme slope failures in glacial environments : effects of thermal perturbation
This paper describes recent exceptional slope failures in high-mountain, glacial environments: The 2002 Kolka-Karmadon rock-ice avalanche in the Caucasus, a series of ice-rock avalanches on Iliamna Volcano, Alaska, the 2005 Mt. Steller rock-ice avalanche in Alaska, and ice and rock avalanches at Monte Rosa, Italy in 2005 and 2007. Deposit volumes range from 10 to 10 m and include rock, ice and ...
متن کاملEarly Holocene (8.6 ka) rock avalanche deposits, Obernberg valley (Eastern Alps): Landform interpretation and kinematics of rapid mass movement
In the Obernberg valley, the Eastern Alps, landforms recently interpreted as moraines are re-interpreted as rock avalanche deposits. The catastrophic slope failure involved an initial rock volume of about 45 million m³, with a runout of 7.2 km over a total vertical distance of 1330 m (fahrböschung 10°). 36Cl surface-exposure dating of boulders of the avalanche mass indicates an event age of 8.6...
متن کاملParaglacial geomorphology of Quaternary volcanic landscapes in the southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia
An important paradigm in geomorphology is paraglacial sedimentation, a phrase first used almost 40 years ago to describe reworking of glacial sediment by mass wasting and streams during and after continental-scale deglaciation. The concept has been extended to include nonglacial landforms and landscapes conditioned by glaciation. In this paper we apply the paraglacial concept to volcanoes in so...
متن کاملGlobal warming and f luvial geomorphology
Future global warming has a number of implications for fluvial geomorphology because of changes in such phenomena as rates of evapotranspiration, precipitation characteristics, plant distributions, plant stomatal closure, sea levels, glacier and permafrost melting, and human responses. Potential changes in rivers are outlined in this review in the context of changes in the intensity of rainfall...
متن کامل